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20 Nov 2020Moringa isothiocyanate-1 is bioaccessible and bioavailable as a stable unmodified compound.
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a widely cultivated subtropical tree with a variety of documented medicinal properties. An ethanolic moringa seed extract (MSE) was shown to contain high concentrations of the stable moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1, 1). Compound 1 has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties but has not been characterized metabolically. The objective of this study was to understand its bioaccessibility using a human intestinal model and bioavailability using serum from treated rats.
Bioaccessibility of 1, using the TNO Intestinal Model (TIM-1), was determined to be 61% and 62% in the fasted and fed states respectively. Compound 1 from the serum of treated animals was measured directly without prior chemical or enzymatic digestion. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 50 mg/kg of 1, either intravenously with pure 1, or orally gavaged with MSE or 1. Serum levels of 1 were 6 to 12 times higher in animals dosed intravenously than in animals dosed by gavage with a half-life of about 2 h. Serum levels of 1 dropped to zero between 8 and 24 h for all three treatments. These results suggest 1 remains largely unmodified during uptake, unlike other isothiocyanates, and has favorable bioaccessibility and bioavailability characteristics for a potential therapeutic agent.
1. Introduction
Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa), also known as the
‘Drumstick tree,’ is indigenous to the South India region and known for its
wide range of uses as a nutritional food and traditional medicine (Gothai et
al., 2016). It is cultivated and grown in many parts of the world including
tropical parts of Africa, South and Central America and Asia. Moringa leaf and
seed extracts were shown to have anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties
in vitro and in vivo (Jaja-Chimedza et al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2014, 2015).
Moringa seeds have also been shown to possessantimicrobial and anti-hepatoxic
properties (Padayachee and Baijnath, 2012). Moringa isothiocyanates (MICs) have
been reported to reduce weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic
gluconeogenesis and improve glucose tolerance in obese mice (Jaja-Chimedza et
al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2015)
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