Glutathione

Glutathione (GSH) is a small-molecule tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. It is found in virtually all human cells and is naturally produced in the liver, serving as one of the body's most important endogenous antioxidants. Glutathione exists in two forms: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG), which are interconverted by glutathione reductase, forming a critical intracellular redox buffer system.

Its chemical formula is C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S, with CAS number 70-18-8. Within the body, it acts as an "antioxidant defense network," scavenging free radicals, protecting cells, and maintaining immune and metabolic stability.

Glutathione levels naturally decline with age or due to poor lifestyle habits (such as staying up late or alcohol consumption), which may accelerate aging and reduce detoxification function. Supplementation can be considered from age 25 onward.