NMN

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring bioactive nucleotide with the chemical formula C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₈P and a molecular weight of 334.22 g/mol. NMN is found naturally in the human body, as well as in vegetables, fruits, and meat – with particularly high levels in avocados and edamame.

NMN is the most direct precursor of coenzyme I (NAD⁺). NAD⁺ is a core coenzyme that governs cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and aging regulation in the human body. However, endogenous NAD⁺ synthesis capacity progressively declines after the age of 25. Supplementation with NMN can rapidly elevate intracellular NAD⁺ levels, which is why NMN is widely regarded as a "star molecule" in the anti-aging field.